Fraternal benefit societies primarily operate on which principle?

Fraternal benefit societies primarily operate on the principle of mutual benefit. These societies are typically organized around a common bond among members, such as a shared religion, ethnicity, or occupational affiliation. The primary goal is to provide financial assistance, support, and a variety of benefits to members and their families. This mutual benefit aspect underscores the focus on community and aid among members, reflecting a cooperative approach where members contribute to a common fund which is then used to provide benefits, such as life insurance, health care, and other forms of support, to those in need within the membership.

The other principles mentioned, such as commercial profit, government support, and stockholder investment, do not align with the core mission of fraternal societies. These organizations are not structured for profit-making or to serve investors, and they do not rely on government funding for their operations. Instead, their emphasis is on members supporting each other, which is a hallmark of mutual benefit organizations.